So, how hot is too hot for a baby to be outdoors? For newborns and infants, it’s recommended to avoid outdoor activities when the temperature is above 90°F (32°C).

It’s always best to check the temperature before going outside and to take frequent breaks in air-conditioned spaces or shade if you must be outside. Additionally, make sure to keep your baby hydrated and dressed appropriately for the weather.

How to Dress a Baby for Extreme Hot Weather

If you have no choice but to take your baby out into the heat, dressing them appropriately is key. To dress an infant for hot weather, it is recommended to:

1. Keep it light: Dress your baby in lightweight, breathable clothes made of cotton or similar fabrics. Avoid heavy, synthetic fabrics that retain heat.
2. Dress in layers: If it’s particularly hot, dress your baby in just a onesie or diaper. You can add a lightweight, breathable shirt or sun hat if needed.
3. Protect from the sun: Make sure to protect your baby’s skin from the sun with a hat and sunglasses and by applying a gentle, broad-spectrum sunscreen to exposed skin. Click here for information about infant-safe sunscreens.

Other Measures to Keep Baby Safe in the Hot Weather

Aside from dressing them properly, here’s how to keep your baby safe in the heat:

1. Hydrate them more than usual: Provide frequent feeds or offer water (if appropriate for their age) to help keep your baby hydrated.
2. Keep tabs on skin temperature: Regularly check your baby’s skin temperature, including their chest, back and neck, to ensure they’re not too hot.
3. Don’t cover the stroller with a blanket: Putting a blanket over a stroller on a hot day may seem like a good way to block the sun but it’s not recommended. A blanket, even a thin one, can trap heat and create a dangerous, overheated environment for your baby.
   The blanket can also block airflow, making it difficult for the baby to breathe properly. A blanket made from synthetic materials can retain heat even more effectively, increasing the danger to the baby. To protect your baby from the sun, it is best to choose a well-ventilated stroller and use a special stroller-safe UV blanket like this inexpensive universal-fit one from Jolly Jumper (which I used for both my girls and loved it).

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Conclusion: Stay Away from The Heat, or Take Plenty of Precautions

Severe heat, or heat that’s above 90°F (32°C), can pose a risk to a baby’s health as their bodies are not yet fully equipped to regulate their internal temperature. Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to heat exhaustion or heatstroke, which can be dangerous and even life-threatening for a baby.

If you must take them out in the heat, it’s important to monitor your baby’s comfort and well-being, to dress them appropriately, keep them hydrated, and avoid using any blanket on your car seat or stroller other than a solar shade. Taking frequent breaks in air-conditioned or shady spaces if they are outside for a prolonged period of time is also best.

If you are worried about your baby’s exposure to hot temperatures, read more about the signs and symptoms of your baby being too hot here.

The signs of a baby being too hot can include:

• Sweating, including damp hair and clothing,
• Feeling hot to the touch,
• Warm or flushed skin,
• Rapid breathing, and
• Restlessness.

The best way to gauge their body temperature is to feel their chest or back, as extremities like hands and feet may feel cool even if the baby is too warm.

Dressing your baby in too many layers, using heavy blankets, or exposing them to direct sunlight for extended periods can all contribute to your little one becomming too hot. It’s essential to keep your baby’s environment cool and well-ventilated and to choose appropriate clothing and bedding depending on the weather (learn more about taking your baby outside in hot weather here).

If your baby is too hot for an extended period of time, overheating becomes a potential danger. Overheating can cause serious illness, such as dehydration, heatstroke, and even Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Signs of Baby Overheating

The signs of overheating are different from simply beeing too warm. Here are some key indicators to watch for:

Increased Body Temperature

One of the first signs to look for is an increase in your baby’s body temperature. Touch their chest or back to see if they feel unusually warm. If you’re unsure, you can use a digital thermometer to confirm. A body temperature above 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) could be a sign that your baby is overheated.

Red or Pink Skin

When your baby is overheating, their skin may appear red and flushed especially if their skin is fair.

Flushing can be especially noticeable in their cheeks or face.

Unresponsiveness

A severely overheated baby may become unresponsive or seem less aware of their surroundings. If you are unable to rouse your baby or get their attention, this could be a sign that they are dangerously overheated.

Lethargy

Lethargy is another indication that your baby might be overheating. If your baby is drowsy, less active, or less interested in playing or feeding, this could be a warning sign.

Crying

An overheated baby may cry more than usual, expressing discomfort or distress due to the heat. Pay attention to changes in your baby’s crying patterns, especially if there are no apparent causes for their distress.

Vomiting

Vomiting can be a sign of overheating in babies. If your baby is vomiting without obvious reason and is showing other signs of overheating, it’s essential to quickly cool them down and seek medical attention if needed.

Breathing Difficulties

Overheating can cause your baby to experience breathing difficulties, such as rapid or shallow breaths. This can also be accompanied by an increased heart rate. Keep an eye on your baby’s breathing patterns and consult a doctor if there are any concerns.

Heat Rash

Heat rash is a common skin issue caused by overheating. If your baby develops tiny red bumps or blisters on their skin, this could be an indication that they are too hot. Keep your baby cool and dry, and consult a doctor if the rash doesn’t improve.

By being aware of these signs of overheating, you can take action to ensure your baby’s safety and well-being. Remember to keep their environment cool and comfortable, dress them accordingly to the weather, and monitor their temperature and overall health.

Causes of Overheating

Swaddling

Swaddling can provide comfort for your baby and help them sleep better. However, it’s essential to ensure that your baby doesn’t become too warm while swaddling. Keep an eye on their temperature by touch-testing their chest or back. If it feels hot or sweaty, it’s a good indication that your baby is overheating. Remember that tight swaddling can also restrict airflow, making it harder for heat to dissipate.

Excessive Layers of Clothing

While it’s essential to keep your baby warm and cozy, excessive layers of clothing can cause them to overheat. As a general guideline, your baby should wear one more layer than you do to stay warm. Be mindful of the fabric as well; materials like fleece and polyester retain more heat than cotton, which breathes better. Always check your baby’s skin temperature and adjust their clothing accordingly.

High Room Temperature

A high room temperature is another common cause of baby overheating. Ideally, the nursery temperature should be between 68 and 72 degrees Fahrenheit (20 to 22 degrees Celsius). Using a room thermometer can help you monitor and maintain a comfortable temperature. Be mindful of other heat sources such as direct sunlight, radiators, or heating vents, as these can cause your baby to become too hot, especially during sleep.

Impact on Health

Dehydration

Dehydration can occur when your baby is too hot and loses more fluids through sweating than they take in. Signs of dehydration in babies include a sunken soft spot on their head, fewer wet diapers, dry mouth, and tearless crying. Ensure your baby is adequately hydrated by offering more frequent feedings and monitoring their fluid intake.

Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

Heat exhaustion is a milder form of heat-related illness that can develop when a baby is too hot for an extended period. Symptoms include irritability, excessive sweating, and rapid breathing. If left untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heat stroke, which is a more severe and potentially life-threatening condition. Symptoms of heat stroke include a high body temperature (above 104°F), red, hot and dry skin, rapid heartbeat, and shallow breathing. If you notice any of these signs in your baby, it’s essential to seek medical attention immediately.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Overheating is a risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which is the sudden and unexplained death of a baby younger than one year old. To reduce the risk of SIDS, make sure your baby’s sleep environment is not too warm and avoid overdressing them. A reasonable room temperature for their sleeping area is between 68-72°F. Dress your baby in light, breathable clothing, and use a firm, flat sleep surface without loose bedding or soft objects that could potentially obstruct their breathing.

Remember to maintain a comfortable environment for your baby and monitor their temperatures regularly to ensure they remain healthy and safe.

Safety Measures

Choosing the Right Sleep Bag

When selecting a sleep bag for your baby, consider the TOG rating, which measures the bag’s thermal insulation. A higher TOG rating means more warmth, while a lower rating is more suitable for warmer environments. Choose a sleep bag appropriate for the season and room temperature. Sleep sacks are an excellent option for infants, as they prevent blankets from covering their faces and ensure they stay at a comfortable temperature.

Appropriate Clothing and Bedding

Dress your baby in lightweight, breathable clothing such as cotton to help regulate their body temperature. Avoid overdressing or bundling them in too many layers. Use breathable bedding materials like cotton or muslin. If you’re using blankets, provide no more than a single, thin layer. Remember that newborns need more warmth than older babies or toddlers, so adjust accordingly.

Checking Baby’s Body Temperature

Regularly check your baby’s body temperature by feeling the back of their neck or their chest. Their skin should feel warm, not too hot or cold. Sweating or damp hair can be a sign that a baby is too hot. If your baby is consistently warm or sweaty, you may need to adjust their clothing or bedding.

Regulating Room Temperature

Set your thermostat to maintain a comfortable room temperature for your baby. A range between 68°F (20°C) and 72°F (22°C) is generally considered appropriate, but your baby might require a different setting based on their individual needs. Utilize fans or air conditioners to help regulate room temperature during hot weather, and make sure your baby is not positioned near drafts or heating vents.

Considering Age Group Differences

Keep in mind that the appropriate temperature and bedding can vary depending on your baby’s age. Newborns generally need a slightly warmer environment, while older babies and toddlers can cope with a wider range of temperatures. Pay attention to your child’s individual comfort level and make adjustments as needed. As your baby grows, continue to modify their clothing, bedding, and sleep environment to ensure they stay safe and comfortable.

When to Seek Medical Help

As a parent, it’s essential to know when your baby might be too hot and when to seek medical help. Here are some signs to watch out for and actions to take:

If your baby has a fever, it is crucial to monitor their temperature. A fever is usually indicated by a temperature above 100.4°F (38°C) measured rectally. Keep an eye on their behavior and other symptoms. While a mild fever can usually be managed at home, you should contact your healthcare provider if:

• Your baby is younger than 3 months and has a temperature above 100.4°F.
• Their fever lasts more than 24 hours or continues to rise.
• They appear lethargic, unresponsive, or have difficulty waking up.
• They are showing signs of dehydration, such as a dry mouth, sunken eyes, or fewer wet diapers.

Dehydration can occur when your baby is too hot and losing fluids more quickly than they can be replenished. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s essential to take action:

• Encourage your baby to drink more fluids, either through breastfeeding or offering age-appropriate water or electrolyte solutions.
• Keep your baby comfortable and cool. Dress them in light, breathable clothing, and maintain a cool room temperature.
• Be attentive to their needs for rest, and monitor their recovery closely.

If your baby is unresponsive or appears to be in distress, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Quickly assess their condition and call your healthcare provider or emergency services if you observe any of the following:

• They are not waking up or reacting to stimuli.
• They exhibit signs of extreme dehydration, such as shriveled skin or a weak, rapid pulse.
• They are having difficulty breathing, or their lips and skin have a bluish tint.

Being confident, knowledgeable, and responsive in these situations will help ensure your baby’s well-being. Trust your instincts, and don’t hesitate to seek medical help if your baby’s condition is concerning or worsens. Being proactive in addressing these matters can make all the difference in your child’s health and comfort.

References

Morrongiello, B. A., & Kiriakou, S. (2004). Mothers’ Home-Safety Practices for Preventing Six Types of Childhood Injuries: What Do They Do, and Why? Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 29(4), 285–297. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsh030

V.A. Harpin, G. Chellappah, N. Rutter; Responses of the Newborn Infant to Overheating. Biology of the Neonate 1 February 1983; 44 (2): 65–75. https://doi.org/10.1159/000241698

World Health Organization. Maternal and Newborn Health/Safe Motherhood. (‎1997)‎. Thermal protection of the newborn : a practical guide. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63986

Frequently Asked Questions

In this article, we will explore the best and worst ways to babyproof your houseplants to keep your little one safe.

Best Ways to Babyproof Your Houseplants

Get the Plants Out of Baby’s Reach

One of the most effective ways to baby-proof your houseplants is by placing them out of your baby’s reach.

By doing so, you eliminate the possibility of your baby getting into the plant or soil, which can be dangerous or tipping the plant on top of them.

Place your plants on high shelves, hang them from the ceiling using a cute plant hanger, or use a sturdy plant stand.

Use a Tall Outer Pot

Using a tall outer pot is a great way to babyproof floor plants.

An outer pot that’s taller than your kiddo’s reach can help keep your baby away from the tempting dirt playground that is a floor plant. With that said, it’s important to choose a pot without horizontal slots or other features that could be climbed on to avoid accidents.

Use Plant Pot Covers

Another effective way to baby-proof your houseplants is by purchasing and using plant pot covers. Plant pot covers help prevent your baby from getting into the soil or pulling out the plant.

Plant pot covers are available in various materials, including fabric and plastic, and are easy to install. More importantly, once installed they are sturdy and resistant to tampering unlike some DIY covers made from burlap or landscape fabric, which I’ll cover in the next section about what not to do when baby-proofing your plants.

Make a Plant Cabinet

Making a plant cabinet is a great baby-proofing method for houseplants because it provides a safe and secure space for your plants that is out of reach of your baby. A plant cabinet is a cabinet with a glass door or mesh screen that allows light to pass through but keeps your baby from reaching the plants inside. It’s a great solution if you have several plants that you want to keep out of reach, or if you have plants that require a specific environment, such as high humidity or constant temperatures.

To build a plant cabinet, you will need some basic woodworking skills, tools, and materials. You can find instructions on how to build a plant cabinet by searching online for DIY tutorials or visiting websites that specialize in woodworking projects. There are also many books and magazines available that provide detailed instructions on how to build a plant cabinet.

Once you have built the plant cabinet, you can place your plants inside and lock the door to keep them out of reach of your baby.

A plant cabinet not only provides a safe space for your plants, but it can also add to your home’s decor and keep your plants healthy by maintaining a consistent environment.

Choose Stable Plants in Sturdy Pots

If you have plants that are prone to tipping over, consider replanting them into sturdy pots to prevent accidents.

Tippy plants can be dangerous for babies as they can fall and injure them. Replanting them into sturdy pots can keep them in place and prevent accidents.

Get Rid of Poisonous Houseplants

Some houseplants are poisonous and can cause serious harm to your baby. It’s important to identify and remove any poisonous houseplants from your home.

If you don’t know what your plant is, you can use Google Lens to search for it; here is a quick video showing you how to look up a plant with Google Lens on a Pixel or android phone:

And here is a quick video showing you how to look up a plant with Google Lens on an iphone:

Examples of poisonous houseplants include:

• Dumb cane,
• Several types of ivy, including cape, English, German, Glacier, Gloire de Marengo, and Needlepoint,
• Aloe vera,
• Mistletoe,
• Umbrella plant,
• And many many more.

Start Teaching Them Early

Teaching your child to respect the plants and not touch them is essential in keeping both the plant and your kiddo safe.

You can start doing this by letting them be involved in watering the plants and teaching them early on not to touch the soil, leaves, etc.

Worst Ways to Babyproof Your Houseplants

Using Cling Wrap to Cover the Soil

Using cling wrap to babyproof houseplants may seem like an easy and cost-effective solution when you read it on plant blogs across the internet, but it can pose several dangers to your baby.

Cling wrap is a thin plastic film that is not breathable and can easily suffocate a child who accidentally ingests or inhales it. As such, using cling wrap to cover the soil of your houseplants can be VERY hazardous to your child, especially if they are in the crawling or early walking stage, wherein everything they find is going to end up in their mouth.

In addition to being a suffocation risk, using cling wrap to cover the soil can also make watering your plants difficult. Unless you poke a hole in it, the wrap just blocks you from watering the soil. Furthermore, cling wrap is not an effective barrier for preventing babies from accessing the soil of houseplants. Babies can easily pull off the wrap or poke holes in it, allowing them to access the soil and potentially ingest it.

Instead of using cling wrap, it’s better to use safer methods such as plant pot covers, which are specifically designed to protect the soil from spills or accidental contact.

Using Burlap or Landscaping Fabric and Landscaping Pins

Using burlap or landscaping fabric and landscaping pins to babyproof houseplants may also seem like an effective and affordable solution, but unfortunately, they still pose several dangers to your baby.

The pins you would need to use to hold the burlap or landscaping fabric in place (otherwise it won’t stay down at all) are sharp and can easily be pulled up by a baby, posing an obvious safety hazard. If the baby pulls up the pins, they can injure themselves by poking themselves with the sharp ends or swallowing the pins.

Conclusion:

Keeping your houseplants babyproof is essential to ensure the safety of your little one.

By using safe and effective methods, you can protect your baby from harmful plants and accidents. Always remember to choose safe plants and sturdy pots, keep plants out of reach, and teach your child to respect the plants.

With these tips, you can enjoy your houseplants while keeping your baby safe.

FAQ’s

Children rack up around 40–50% of their total UV to age 60 before the age of 20 (source), so it’s important that parents teach their children how to enjoy fun in the sun safely. With the right precautions, you can greatly reduce your child’s chance of developing skin cancer later on.

Facts About Sun Exposure

The sun radiates light to the earth, and part of that light consists of invisible ultraviolet (UV) rays. When these rays reach our skin, they cause tanning, burning, and other skin damage. There are three kinds of UV rays: UVA, UVB, and UVC. What’s important is to protect your family from exposure to UVA and UVB, the rays that cause skin damage.

UV rays react with a chemical called melanin that’s found in most people’s skin. Melanin is your first defense against the sun. It absorbs dangerous UV rays before they do serious skin cell damage (source). Melanin is found in different concentrations and colors; the darker your skin color, the more melanin your skin has to protect itself. As the melanin increases in response to sun exposure, the skin tans. But even that “healthy” tan may be a sign of sun damage. The risk of damage increases with the amount and intensity of exposure. Those who are chronically exposed to the sun, such as farmers, boaters, and sunbathers, are at much greater risk.

A sunburn develops when the amount of UV exposure is greater than what can be protected against by the skin’s melanin. The lighter your child’s skin, the less melanin it has to absorb UV and protect itself. And all skin, no matter what color, responds to continued sun exposure by thickening and hardening, resulting in leathery skin and wrinkles later in life.

Unprotected sun exposure is even more dangerous for kids with moles on their skin (or whose parents have a tendency to develop moles), very fair skin and hair, or a family history of skin cancer, including melanoma. You should be especially diligent about sun protection if your child has one or more of these high-risk characteristics, however, it’s dangerous for all children.

According to this 2011 Pub Med report, there is indicative epidemiological evidence that exposures of children younger than about 10 years are linked with an increased risk of the development of malignant melanoma as well as non-melanocytic skin cancers later in life.

Where/When the Sun is Strongest

Not all sunlight is “equal” in UV concentration. The intensity of the sun’s rays depends upon the time of year, as well as the altitude and latitude of your location.

UV rays are strongest during summer. Remember that the timing of this season varies by location; if you travel to a foreign country during its summer season, you’ll need to pack the strongest sun protection you can find.

Extra protection is also required near the equator, where the sun is strongest, and at high altitudes, where the air and cloud cover are thinner, allowing more damaging UV rays to get through the atmosphere. Even during winter months, if your family goes skiing in the mountains, be sure to apply plenty of sunscreen; UV rays reflect off both snow and water, increasing the probability of sunburn.

How to Protect Your Child From the Sun

With the right precautions, children can safely play in the sun. Here’s the lowdown on the most effective strategies:

1) Avoid the Strongest Rays of the Day

First, avoid being in the sun for prolonged times when it is highest overhead and therefore the strongest (normally from 10:00 AM until 3:00 PM in the northern hemisphere). If your child is in the sun between these hours, be sure to apply protective sunscreen – even if he’s just playing in the backyard. Most sun damage occurs as a result of incidental exposure during day-to-day activities, not at the beach.

Even on cloudy, cool, or overcast days, UV rays travel through the clouds and reflect off sand, water, and even concrete. Clouds and pollution don’t filter out UV rays, and they can give a false sense of protection. This “invisible sun” can cause unexpected sunburn and skin damage. Often, kids are unaware that they are developing a sunburn on cooler or windy days because the temperature or breeze keeps skin feeling cool on the surface.

2) Cover Them Up

One of the best ways to protect your family from the sun is to cover up and shield skin from UV rays. Ensure that clothes will screen out harmful UV rays by placing your hand inside the garment and making sure you can’t see your hand through it.

Because infants have thinner skin and underdeveloped melanin, their skin burns more easily than that of older kids. But as the FDA advises, sunscreen should not be applied to babies under 6 months of age, so they absolutely must be kept out of the sun whenever possible. If your infant must be in the sun, dress him or her in clothing that covers the body, including hats with wide brims to shadow the face. Use an umbrella or tree cover to create shade.

Even older kids need to escape the sun. Long exposure can make them feel tired and irritable. For all-day outdoor affairs, bring along a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, a full-length robe, a wide umbrella, or a pop-up tent to play in. Before heading to the beach or park, call ahead to find out if certain areas offer rentals of umbrellas, tents, and other sun-protective gear.

3) Use Sunscreen Consistently

There are lots of good sunscreens available for kids, including formulations for sensitive skin, brands with fun scents like watermelon, long-lasting waterproof and sweat-proof versions, and easy-application varieties in spray bottles.

What matters most in a sunscreen is the degree of protection from UV rays it provides. When faced with the overwhelming sea of sunscreen choices at drug stores, concentrate on the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) numbers on the labels.

The SPF number tells you how much longer you can stay in the sun without burning if you apply the sunscreen, which acts as a “block” to the sun’s rays (hence the term “sun block”). For example, if your child would burn after 20 minutes of sun exposure, applying a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 gives him 30 times the protection. In this example, the child will be protected for up to 10 hours (though sunscreens often say it’s good for 8 hours to be on the safe side).

20 minutes x 30 SPF = 600 minutes (10 hours)

For kids aged 6 months and older, select an SPF of 30 or higher to prevent both sunburn and tanning. Choose a sunscreen that states on the label that it protects against both UVA and UVB rays (referred to as “broad-spectrum” sunscreen). To avoid possible skin allergy, avoid sunscreens with PABA, and if your child has sensitive skin, look for a product with the active ingredient titanium dioxide (a chemical-free block).

Also, avoid using sunscreens with Deet insect repellent when protecting your child from mosquitos and the sun. Products combining DEET and sunscreen are not considered safe. The APA explains this is because sunscreen usually should be reapplied more often than insect repellent (source). Always use two separate products.

In order for sunscreen to do its job, it must be applied correctly. Be sure to:

• Use sunscreen whenever your child will be in the sun.
• Apply sunscreen about 30 minutes before going outside so that a good layer of protection can form. Don’t forget about lips, hands, ears, feet, behind the neck and shoulders. Lift up bathing suit straps and apply sunscreen underneath them (in case the straps shift from body movement).
• Don’t try to stretch out a bottle of sunscreen; as a guide, apply the sunscreen generously.
• Reapply sunscreen often, approximately every 2 hours. Reapply after your child is sweating or swimming.
• Apply waterproof sunscreen if your child will be around water or will go swimming. Water reflects and intensifies the sun’s rays, so kids need protection that lasts. Waterproof sunscreens may last up to 80 minutes in the water, and some are also sweat- and rub-proof.
• Keep in mind that every child needs extra sun protection. The American Academy of Dermatology recommends that all children wear sunscreen with an SPF of 30 of higher. Although dark skin has more protective melanin and tans more easily than it burns, remember that tanning is also a sign of sun damage. Dark-skinned children can also develop painful sunburns.

4) Purchase Protective Eyewear for Your Children

Sun exposure damages the eyes as well as the skin. Even one day in the powerful sun can result in a burned cornea (the outermost, clear membrane layer of the eye). Cumulative exposure can lead to cataracts (clouding of the eye lens, which results in blindness). The best way to protect your little one’s eyes is to wear sunglasses.

Not all sunglasses provide the same level of ultraviolet protection; darkened plastic or glass lenses without special UV filters just trick eyes into a false sense of safety. Purchase sunglasses with labels ensuring that they provide 100% UV protection.

Not all children enjoy wearing sunglasses, especially the first few times. To encourage kids, let them select a style they particularly like; many manufacturers make fun, multi-colored glass frames or frames embossed with cartoon characters. And don’t forget that kids want to be like grown-ups. If you wear sunglasses regularly, your kids may be willing to follow your example.

5) Ask Your Pediatrician and/or Pharmacist About Your Child’s Medication

Some medications increase the skin’s sensitivity to UV rays. As a result, even kids with skin that tends not to burn easily can develop a severe sunburn in just minutes when taking certain medications. Fair-skinned children, of course, are even more vulnerable.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist if the prescription and over-the-counter medications your child is taking can increase sun sensitivity. If so, always take extra sun precautions. The best protection is simply covering up or staying indoors; even sunscreen can’t always protect skin from sun sensitivity caused by medications.

What to Do if Your Child Gets a Sunburn

A sunburn can sneak up on your child, especially after a long day at the beach or park. Often, kids seem fine during the day but then gradually develop an “afterburn” that can be painful and hot and can even make them feel sick. The best way to take care of your child is to treat the symptoms and prevent further problems.

Sunburned Skin

When children get sunburned, they usually experience pain and a sensation of heat, symptoms that tend to become more severe several hours after sun exposure. Some children also develop chills. Because the sun has dried their skin, it can become itchy and tight. Burned skin typically begins to peel about a week after the sunburn. Encourage your child not to scratch or peel off loose skin because skin underneath the sunburn is vulnerable to infection. The following tips will help you keep your child comfortable if he has a sunburn.

• To help alleviate pain and heat, have your child take a cool (not cold) bath, or gently apply cool, wet compresses to the skin.
• You can also give your child a pain reliever such as acetaminophen (like Tylenol) or ibuprofen (like Motrin) and spray on over-the-counter “after-sun” pain relievers. (Do not give aspirin to children or teens.)
• To rehydrate the skin and help reduce swelling, apply topical moisturizing cream or 1% hydrocortisone cream.
• Do not use petroleum-based products because they prevent excess heat and sweat from escaping.
• Avoid first-aid products that contain benzocaine, which may cause skin irritation or allergy.
• If your child has a sunburn, keep him in the shade until it’s healed. Any additional sun exposure will only increase the severity of the burn and increase pain.

If the sunburn is severe and blisters develop, call your doctor immediately. Until you can see your child’s doctor, tell your child not to scratch, pop, or squeeze the blisters, which can become easily infected and result in scarring.

Heat-related Illnesses

Heat-related illnesses such as heat syncope (fainting from heat), heat exhaustion, and heat stroke are far more serious than a sunburn.

These conditions occur when kids become very overheated and dehydrated, and in many cases, they are accompanied by sunburn. Contact your child’s doctor if your child has an unexplained fever higher than 102 degrees Fahrenheit or 38.9 degrees Celsius, the skin looks infected, or he has trouble looking at light. (This may indicate a sunburn of the eye’s cornea.) If your child has nausea, vomiting, fainting, delirium, or diarrhea, contact your child’s doctor for immediate assistance.

More Sun Information

Ultraviolet (UV) Rays
Sunlight contains three types of ultraviolet rays: UVA, UVB, and UVC.

• UVA rays cause skin aging and wrinkling and contribute to skin cancer, such as melanoma. Because UVA rays pass effortlessly through the ozone layer (the protective layer of the atmosphere, or shield, surrounding the earth), they make up the majority of our sun exposure. Beware of tanning beds because they use UVA rays to generate tanning. A UVA tan does not help protect the skin from further sun damage; it merely produces color and a false sense of protection from the sun.
• UVB rays are also dangerous, causing sunburns, cataracts (clouding of the eye lens), immune system damage, and contributing to skin cancer. Melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, is thought to be associated with severe UVB sunburns that occur before the age of 20. Most UVB rays are absorbed by the ozone layer, but enough of these rays pass through to cause serious damage.
• UVC rays are the most dangerous, but fortunately, these rays are blocked by the ozone layer and don’t reach the earth.

Melanin is the protective chemical in the skin that absorbs UV rays and causes tanning. It is found in a variety of colors and concentrations, resulting in different skin colors. Both darker- and lighter-skinned children need protection from UV rays because any tanning or burning causes skin damage. All children should always wear sunscreen with a minimum SPF of 30.

References

Green, A. C., Wallingford, S. C., & McBride, P. (2011). Childhood exposure to ultraviolet radiation and harmful skin effects: epidemiological evidence. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology, 107(3), 349–355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.010

Melanin. (2022, March 29). HealthLink BC. Retrieved October 11 from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22615-melanin

Repellents Part of Arsenal in War Against Insects. (2013, June). AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) News. Volume 24, Number 6. Retrieved May 15 from: https://www.aappublications.org/content/34/6/16.1

Should You Put Sunscreen on Infants? Not Usually. (2021). Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved October 11 from: https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/should-you-put-sunscreen-infants-not-usually

Sunscreen FAQs. (2022). American Academy of Dermatology Association. Retrieved October 11 from: https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/sun-protection/shade-clothing-sunscreen/sunscreen-faqs

Volkmer, B., & Greinert, R. (2011). UV and children’s skin. Progress in biophysics and molecular biology, 107(3), 386–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2011.08.011

To help, I’ve gathered up the best tips I could find both online and in our Facebook community of Babies for Beginners parents on how to stay safe in crowded places because often it’s just one safety measure between a bad story and a bad outcome.

I hope you never need these tips, but if something does happen, you’ll be glad to have these safety measures at the ready.

#1. Use a Baby Carrier.

One of my favorite tools for staying safe in large crowds is the amazing baby carrier. My favorite brand is the Tula carrier. This soft structured carrier has wonderful adjustment straps and thick padding for the shoulders. In the Tula I could (and did) wear my daughter for hours at a festival with zero back pain!

Of course, the biggest safety selling point of a baby carrier is that baby stays close to you and will not go anywhere. There are also toddler carriers to keep your toddlers from running away if your little one is easily distracted.

But beyond that baby carriers are great because, unlike strollers, you don’t need to constantly search for ramps, elevators, and clear walkways. With a baby carrier, you can walk up stairs and you walk through crowds a lot easier.

Before carriers came into my life, we once took our toddler and infant daughters to a festival. The toddler was walking and our baby girl was in the car seat in the stroller. Needless to say after a few minutes, my toddler wanted in the stroller so we had to carry our baby girl in the car seat the entire time. It was a pain!

#2. Make a “Toddler Tail”.

Along with baby carriers, I learned that the long adjustment straps can be used for “independent” toddlers who don’t really want to hold your hand but need to stay close to you. I have them put a finger in the elastic of the adjustment strap and tell them to hold on.

My daughters have a sense of independence and are more likely to listen to me in crowded places. If I didn’t have my baby carrier, I would tie a long ribbon to my purse and they would have to hold onto that when I needed them close. I began calling this my “toddler tail”.

#3. Never Assume the Other Person is Watching Your Little One.

My husband and I have learned to never assume the other parent is watching the child.

We make sure to always say out loud, “I am watching the girls” or “Can you take over?”

Especially at large family gatherings, it’s so easy to get distracted and all of a sudden kiddo is off somewhere you can’t see them. I’m sure many of us have said, “I thought you were watching the children!”

By letting someone know every time you’re not keeping an eye on the little ones for some reason you make sure that someone is ALWAYS watching them and keeping them safe.

Make sure to say, “I’m watching,” whenever you’re stepping in to play with the kiddos too, so that everyone can enjoy the day and not have to be on guard the whole time.

#4. Teach Them Who to Ask for Help.

This one is more for the older little ones, but once your toddler is able to converse with you about things, start bringing up what they should do in an emergency, and who is safe to ask for help (and who may not be).

For my daughters, I’ve always taught them that if they lose me and can’t find me after some time to find a friendly face and ask for them to call me (we’ll get to phone numbers in the next tip). A friendly face includes ONLY:

• Moms with children;
• Police or security officers in a uniform;
• Women who work in a store (when we’re shopping).

Basically, if they need to go to a stranger for help, I want them to find someone that is less likely to harm them and more likely to feel obligated to help them, and those are the three categories of folks that fit.

I reinforce this often, for example pointing out when we see a police officer in real life so they know what one looks like.

#5. Make Sure They Have Your Phone Number.

If they need to go to someone for help, the next important thing is that they are able to give that person your phone number so they can contact you.

Older kids can memorize your phone number, which is the best option. You can help them by making a fun song about it! Repeat it many times until they have it memorized. My little brother memorized our number so fast he would have to repeat it several times for the person to be able to write down the phone number.

If your little one is too young you’ll want to have your phone number on their body somehow.

You can write your phone number on the inside of their shirt with a permanent marker, fabric marker, or get fancy with iron-on vinyl. There is also another method of writing your phone number on a clear bandage with a permanent marker and placing it on the inside of the wrist of the child.  Personally, I would only do that method if they had a long sleeve shirt to maintain personal information safe.

What I like the best is a silicone safety bracelet. I first found these on Mabel’s Labels here and quickly had some made up for my daughters, and they are perfect. They were especially handy at the water park where writing our number on them didn’t make sense. These however could get wet and stayed with them the whole time. They are even sized so they fit really well.

#6 Play the “What if …” Game

Reinforce things the day of your outing by playing the “What if…” game.

If you ask my toddler, “What if Mommy gets lost?” (they never think they are lost) he/she will tell you, “Find another mommy, take off my shoe (or bracelet or scope) and ask the mommy to call you!”

#7. Set a Meeting Place.

Whenever you’re visiting a crowded area choose a central location to meet in case someone does get lost, and point out the staff members so they can go to them if they need help.

I remember going to our meeting spot as a child when I got lost and I’m sure it saved my parents hours of searching and cardiac arrest.

#8. Remember to Take A Photo the Day Of.

One tip you’ll see in a lot of places but that’s worth repeating is that it is helpful to take a picture of your child on the day of the event.

If heaven forbid, your child is lost, it’s helpful to show anyone helping you find them a picture of what they are currently wearing. (Side note: bright clothes help!)

#9. Choose your Outfit Carefully and Play the Remember Game

Make a game of remembering what color each of you is wearing that day. If you are in a large group, wear matching T-shirts to help identify your group.

While you’ll have a picture, your little one will have a color to watch for.

#10. Teach Them to Make a Scene

Teach the child to drop to the ground and scream loudly, “He is not my daddy/mommy. HELP!” if someone tries to take them.

The Most Important Thing!

Most importantly, you’ll notice with a lot of these tips communication is key with your children. Don’t assume that because they are little they aren’t taking it in, you never know what might stick and help you out in a bad situation; it’s worth the effort!

Even when my daughters were as young as two and three years old, I would tell them 1-3 rules right before I took them out of their car seats. They knew they always needed to stay close to me when there are cars, I always have to see them and hear them in crowded places, and they need to listen to me when I ask them to follow me. I have them repeat the rules to me so I know they understand what I just said.

Staying safe is very important in large or even small crowds and hopefully, some of these tips will help your family as they have helped mine.

1. Cover the Shopping Cart with A Shopping Cart Cover

HAVE YOU EVER taken your sick kiddo to the doctor, then run to the store to pick up the prescription. Of course your child sits in the shopping cart while you are there. Putting them in the shopping cart cover protects both your child from other people’s germs during their low resistance ill time, PLUS it protects other children from your child’s germs. Something we all appreciate in our post-pandemic world.

Putting them in the shopping cart cover protects both your child from other people’s germs during their low resistance ill time, PLUS it protects other children from your child’s germs.

HAVE YOU EVER had your child’s diaper leak while out shopping? Of course, you should take the time to sterilize the shopping cart they were sitting in, but if your child is sitting in your own shopping cart cover then all the mess is confined. Simply roll up the shopping cart cover and throw it in your diaper bag. All the mess is inside. At home simply put the shopping cart cover in the washer.

HAVE YOU EVER had a teething baby with you while you’re shopping? Of course they lean over and put their mouth on the nice smooth shopping car bar UGH! How many germs are on that bar? With a clean shopping cart cover your child is chewing on the toys and fabric you brought with you. You know they are clean. You know your child is safe from germs.

HAVE YOU EVER bought chicken at the grocery store only to find the package leak germs on your hands. Then your hands touch the shopping cart bar. How many times a day does that happen. How many really sick germs are on the shopping cart bar? Protect your child with a shopping cart cover or shopping cart bar cover.

What Shopping Cart Cover Works Best?

Most shopping cart covers are similar, but like this Poly Care cart cover (Amazon link), because it’s big enough even for the giant Costco carts, it’s washable, and it has toy straps and a cell phone pouch for those times where you just need to shop for five minutes without the crazy.

2. Wipe Down the Cart with Anti-Bacterial Wipes

If you don’t have a shopping cart cover yet, or forgot it at home, wipe the shopping cart down with anti-bacterial wipes.

Many grocery stores and the like have them at the front of the store still for those worried about COVID germs so you can often grab one for free right where you get your cart. If not, sticking a to-go pouch of anti-bacterial wipes (Amazon Link) in your diaper bag is a good practice.

For all the reasons I mentioned above, sanitizing the shopping cart is going to protect your baby from a plethora of germs, bacteria, and filth.

3. Make Sure Your Child Is Securely Buckled Into the Shopping Cart

This one is kind of obvious, but strapping your kiddo in, especially if they are under four years old is a vital safety precaution, so don’t settle for the first cart in the que if the strap is broken, or buy the shopping cart cover with no belt.

You never know when Karen is going to loose her mind and ram your cart, or when your baby will suddenly think they are a monkey and can climb down on their own in the 10 seconds you took to read that nutrition label.

Safety first.

4. Don’t Allow Your Child to Stand up In the Shopping Cart

I know, this sounds like a no-brainer, but those signs on the shopping cart telling you not to let your little one stand up in the cart are there for good reason.

It just doesn’t take much for a wobbly toddler to fall over and seriously hurt themselves when a cart moves even a little.

5. Don’t Allow Older Children to Stand on The Side of The Cart

When you’re tired, in a hurry, and choosing your battles, letting a little one stand on the side or back of the cart can seem like won’t be the worst thing. But don’t let this be the thing you let them get away with a time or two because, as a mom who has done it only to have to bust out the band-aids, it’s always going to end in a boo-boo or worse.

6. Never Leave Your Child Alone in The Shopping Cart

The temptation to not get stuck in the aisle by leaving your cart at the corner and dipping in to grab something is strong, I get it.

As parents have so much to do, no time, and we’re quick, but a desperate kidnapper can be even quicker if given an opportunity. Just don’t do it.

7. Put Your Child in the Car Before Emptying Your Cart

Again, simply because you never know when someone in the parking lot can’t drive well and may back into your cart, or if someone is desperate enough to try and abduct a baby out from under someone’s nose.

Play it safe and put your baby in the car first, where they are safely strapped into their car seat.

Conclusion: The Risks are Few, but Still There

While a shopping cart isn’t a huge hazard for your little one, there are seven things you can do to make it a bit safer including:

• Making the cart sanitary by using a shopping cart seat cover or wiping the cart with antibacterial wipes,
• Making sure your kiddo is strapped into the cart safely,
• Not allowing your child to stand up in, or on the side of the cart, and
• Putting your child into the car first, before unloading your shopping.

I hope these tips help you keep your shopping trips safe and happy.

Here’s a quick checklist of the more common household hazards and how to remove them from your infant’s path.

Disclosure: This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.com. We are compensated for referring traffic and business to Amazon and other companies linked to on this site.

1. Bathtub Babyproofing

The bathtub is a very dangerous place for a newly exploring little one, so when baby starts to ramp up their mobility and exploring, it’s crucial to:

• Never leave your baby unattended in the tub, even for a minute, as a child under 3 years old can drown in as little as an inch of water.
• To prevent scalding, set your water heater at 120° F. or lower, and never position your baby within reach of the faucet.
• Cover the faucet head with a specially made soft cover (like this inexpensive Infantino one on Amazon) so that it doesn’t scratch or cut your baby if they bump into it.
• Lay down nonskid strips to help prevent your child from slipping (you can get cute and inexpensive ones on Amazon as well).

2. Cabinets

Especially in the kitchen and bathroom, babies can create havoc and get into danger by exploring cabinets, here’s what to do:

• Put all potentially poisonous substances and sharp objects in locked cabinets. 
• For the rest of your cabinets, invest in childproof safety latches (Amazon Link), no matter what they contain, if you don’t want the contents all over the floor. 

3. Cribs

As soon as your baby starts trying to pull themself up in the crib, you’ll need to:

• Move the crib mattress to its lowest position.
• Remove all objects (including mobiles, crib toys, and bumper pads) that your baby could climb up on to get out of the crib.

4. Drapery and Blind Cords 

Long drapery and blind cords pose a strangulation hazard since babies can become entangled in them.

• Tie any blind cords up and out of your baby’s reach.
• Block off any floor-length drapes so your baby can’t reach them.

5. Electrical Cords and Outlets

While most plugs and outlets installed today are safer than those of yesteryear, you don’t want to take risks when your baby is involved. Make sure to:

• Infants can chew on cords and wires or pull on them, bringing down lamps or other heavy objects on their heads. Move all cords well out of your child’s reach.

• Unless outlets are behind heavy furniture or up high and inaccessible to your little one, close them off with safety plugs (Amazon Link) or with safety covers that snap shut when the outlet is not in use.

6. Entertaining

After a party or other get-together, cleaning up anything within the baby’s reach is key. First, make sure to:

• Immediately empty ashtrays and glasses as leftover cigarettes and alcoholic beverages can be toxic.
• Pick up any dishes in your baby’s reach so they don’t get broken and create another danger.

7. Flooring

As anyone with a newly walking little can tell you, tripping can happen on anything. To keep the bumps and bruises to a minimum, check your floors and:

• Make sure area rugs are secured with nonskid backing
• Repair loose tiles, linoleum, and carpeting

8. Furniture

Wall units, dressers, bookcases, or tables that are unstable can topple over when a child tries to climb up on them. Make sure to:

• Have wobbly furniture repaired, or bolt questionable pieces to the wall.
• Cover sharp corners with safety bumper cushions (Amazon Link).
• Always keep drawers closed so your baby can’t reach up and pull them out on top of herself.

Next Steps

Once all the items listed on the above checklist are done, you’ll still want to take another look around your home for dangers.

The trick to solid babyproofing is to understand that your infant does not see things the same way you do, they’re operating on an entirely different level: floor level.

To really take stock of your home’s dangers, then, you’ve got to get down and take a crawling tour.

About a week before Igor made landfall we sat there making decisions that I’m sure many of you reading this now are trying to make. “Should we evacuate?” “Where will we go?” “How will we get there?” “What if….” 

That was probably the hardest decision we’ve ever had to make, should we stay or should we go. I was ready to pack up and leave because I had a feeling it was going to be bad, but we stayed because my husband was traveling for work and I didn’t want to pack up my daughter and our belongings and leave him home when he got back from his trip.

If you wait too long to leave, you may get stranded on the way out of town which will most likely become jammed. Or you’ll run out of gas along the way because all the stations have run empty.

Seriously, the anxiety behind making that decision to stay or go was the hardest part. IF YOU DECIDE TO LEAVE, LEAVE EARLY! Especially if you’re traveling with babies, toddlers, or small children. Just imagine a seven-hour trip with children that turns into fourteen hours!

We ended up evacuating the day before the storm hit, which caused its own set of problems. Last minute scrambling to make sure our dog was well protected and to make sure that everything we couldn’t take with us was protected inside the house. We only had a few hours once we had changed our plans so the preparations were a very stressful, especially when you feel nautious the whole time.

Things we weren’t prepared for: 

• Coming home after the storm. Seeing the damage on the way home was heartbreaking, even though we ourselves were relatively lucky.
• Losing food. Since we weren’t here to move things to coolers and/or eat the food we had stocked up on, we ended up losing all our hurricane food and all of the food in the fridge when we lost power. Since it sat for more than 48 hours without power we didn’t want to risk cooking up food on the grill.
• The fridge leaking as it defrosted. You may want to put towels down before you leave just in case.
• Being without power for nearly a week. We couldn’t charge our devices unless we went out to the car; or unless we visited neighbors and borrowed power from their generators.
• Grocery stores being without many staples. Many didn’t get restocked for about a week.
• Gas stations being without gas for about two weeks.

I honestly think that week after the storm was worse for us because we did evacuate, but only because we were lucky enough not to have been hit hard.

Either way, we were extremely blessed to have such wonderful neighbors and friends.

As the power came back on in different parts of our town our friends shared their generators with us. Friends with power would invite friends and neighbors to their homes to cool down and charge up. It was a really wonderful time to see people connecting with one another and being so helpful. By the time we came home two days later our yard had already been cleaned up by our neighbors.

We were incredibly thankful that we didn’t have any damage to our property; no flooding, no roof damage, just some minor debris to clean up.

Events to Be Prepared for During a Hurricane

Things that you may want to be prepared for include: 

• Loss of power for days (or weeks in some cases)
• Loss of water
• Flooding
• Wind damage and water intrusion
• No gas at the gas stations
• No food at the grocery stores

Steps to Prepare Yourself and Your Young Family for an Oncoming Hurricane

If you decide to stay and ride out the storm here are some tips that may help you prepare. These tips are tips above and beyond what many emergency organizations provide you. For a full list of tips be sure to visit https://www.ready.gov/hurricanes which includes tips on prepping your home structure for a storm.

Food Loss and Storage Preparation

1. Put any frozen breast milk in quart bags, submerge the bags in water, and freeze. This double-freezing method will take days to thaw and will help protect your freezer stash.
2. If you’re using bottles, sanitize everything you need to early. Have them gathered together in case you need to grab and go.
3. If you’re toddler or little drinks cows milk, have several containers of shelf-stable milk or powdered milk. If your little is the only one who drinks milk then you might want to get several of the small single-serving bottles so you can open them as needed and avoid spoiling a large bottle.
4. Make sure you have food that you can cook on a grill or eat without cooking.
5. Fill your propane tanks. You can heat soup cans, boil water, make coffee, and do other stuff besides just grilling meat. Get an extra, if possible.
6. Drop the temperatures in your fridges in advance to give you a little extra time.
7. Empty your ice cubes into bags or containers and make up extra ice.
8. A neat trick to determine your food safety is to freeze a cup of water, and place a coin on top after it is frozen. Keep this cup/coin in your freezer to help you gauge the temperature if the power goes out. If the coin stays on top, the food is staying frozen. If the coin falls into the water, the freezer thawed out and most food will likely need to be thrown away. This is super helpful if you have to leave and come back, as it may appear everything is still frozen, but if the coin is in the cup–you will know!
9. Stock up on pet food and fill up bowls of water for pets.

Potable Water Loss Preparation

10. If you’re using cloth diapers, wash your cloth diapers the day before the storm. Flats, kitchen towels, flour sack towels, and t-shirts can all work as diapers if needed and wipe-clean diaper covers can be reused several times and/or be wiped clean between uses if you are unable to do laundry. Have a small backup stash of disposable diapers just in case! If you can’t wash diapers and run out you’ll have something else for your baby. Save the receipt; you can always return them if unopened.
11. Wash all your towels, sheets, and anything you may need before the storm.
12. Have a roll of quarters if you need to use a laundromat following the storm.
13. Wash all trash cans, big and small, and fill them with water for flushing toilets. Line outdoor trash cans with trash bags, fill them with water and store them in the garage. This will be for your toilets only so you can add bleach to sterilize it.
14. Fill old empty water bottles and other containers with water and keep near sinks for washing hands.
15. Fill every Tupperware container with water and store it in the freezer. These will help keep food cold longer and serve as a back-up water supply.
16. Fill drinking cups with water and cover with cling wrap. Store as many as possible in your fridge. The rest you can store on the counter and use first before any water bottles are opened. Ice is impossible to find after the storm.
17. Also if you run out of water tap your hot water heater can have up to 30 gallons stored in there.
18. Put water in balloons and store them in the freezer.
19. Right before the worst of it hits, Fill every tub and sink with water. Cover the tubs with cling wrap to keep them from collecting dust. Clean water may become scarce so this will be a good backup supply if needed.
20. Reserve fridge space for storing tap water and keep the sealed water bottles on the counter.
21. Cook any meats in advance and other perishable foods. You can freeze cooked food. Hard boil eggs for snacks on the first day without power.
22. Be well hydrated before the storm hits and avoid salty foods that make you dehydrated.
23. Shower yourself and bathe your kiddos just before the storm is scheduled to hit.
24. Keep baby wipes next to each toilet. Just don’t flush them!
25. Run your dishwasher, don’t risk having dirty smelly dishes and you need every container for water! Remember you’ll need clean water for brushing your teeth, bathing, and cleaning your hands.
26. Use plastic cups and paper plates. You need water to wash dishes.

Sanity Preparation

27. Have an activity box full of crayons, coloring books, games, and books for your younger children. Family game days will help pass the time if they are old enough to play board games.
28. Charge any ipads or old phones and download movies or games for your little ones. With scary bad weather and no lights, a little distracting screen time may save your sanity and help keep the fears away too.

Long-term Power Outage Preparation

29. Toss out any expiring food, clean any cat litter boxes, and empty all trash cans in the house, including bathrooms. If you don’t have a trash day pickup before the storm, find a dumpster.
30. Clean your environment so you have clear, easy escape routes. Even if that means temporarily moving furniture to one area.
31. Scrub all bathrooms so you are starting with a clean odor free environment. Store water-filled trash cans or buckets next to each toilet for flushing.
32. Gather all candles, flashlights, lighters, matches, batteries, and other items and keep them accessible.
33. Charge any device that provides light well in advance. Laptops, tablets, cameras, video cameras, etc.. Charge external battery back ups. But, just before the hurricane hits, unplug all your electronics. There may be power surges during and after the storm.
34. Clean all counters in advance. Start with a clean surface. Buy Clorox Wipes for cleaning when there is no power. Mop your floors and vacuum. If power is out for 10 days, you’ll have to live in the mess you started with.
35. Get out those glow sticks, as they also provide light for a few hours. Stand them upright in a glass or jar to make a lantern.
36. If you live in a hot climate, drop the ac before the storm because that cool air may be a comodity later on. Grab any fans and such from your storage too.

Preparing for Flooding and Hurricane Property Damage

37. Place anything that you want to try and preserve, but can’t take with you, into a plastic bin, put it in your dishwasher, and lock the door. This should make it water-tight in case of any water intrusion into your home. But of course, take all the important/irreplaceable items you can!
38. If you can, take a video of your house and contents. Walk room to room–open and open your cabinets, drawers and closets. This will help if you need to make an insurance claim later. It will show proof of items and help you list all the items (help your memory, so you don’t forget anything).
39. Bring in any yard decor and kids’ toys, secure anything that will fly around, secure gates, bring in hoses, potted plants, etc. Bring in patio furniture and grills.

Prepare for the Worst

40. Pick your emergency safe place such as a closet under the stairs. Store the items you’ll need in that location for the brunt of the storm.
41. Refill any medications. Most insurance companies allow for two emergency refills per year.
42. Check on all family members, set up emergency backup plans, and check on elderly neighbors.

Evacuation Preparation

If you might need to evacuate at the last minute, as I did, here are a few things to do:

43. Get cash out of the bank in smaller bills and coins.
44. Fill your gas tank and have a spare gas container for your generator or your car when you run out.
45. Place everything you own that is important and necessary in a backpack or small file box that is easy to grab. Include your wallet with your ID, phone, hand sanitizer, snacks, etc. Get plastic sleeves for important documents.
46. If you’ve got two cars, move one to another area. It’s hard to predict which areas will flood, where a tree will fall, etc. so having them split up means you’re less likely to get stuck if something happens.
47. Remember, pets are family too. Take them with you!

Staying-Put Emergency Preparation

If you’re planning on staying put no matter what, it’s a good idea to have a few extra items on hand in case of severe life-threatening flooding. Including:

48. Gather up life vests (including for your baby, and even pets if you’ve got them), a baby carrier, so you can put your smaller baby on your chest or back if you need both hands free to climb anything, ropes and a backback full of water and emergency food. Place it in the last room you will take refuge in before an emergency.
49. Place an axe or sledge hammer in the upper level of your home, in case your ground level floods and you need to break through the top level(s) of your home to escape
50. Charge any old phones you may have and keep them in this location as well. Old cell phones can still be used for dialing 911 and you’re less likely to drain these during the storm.

Stay Safe!

I hope these tips help you and your family out in the event of a hurricane.

Stay safe!

Mosquitos aren’t just annoying, they can be dangerous. Mosquitos carry deadly diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, West Nile virus, and others.

Thankfully, there are steps you can take to keep mosquitoes away from your baby. This list includes repellents but also many non-chemical deterrents. We’re going to outline them all here, so keep reading.

1) Use Protective Clothing

A good way to keep mosquitoes away from your baby or toddler while out and about is by dressing them in loose clothing including long sleeves, a hat, and long pants tucked into their socks. Making sure they are dressed in light colors is also a good idea because dark clothing attracts mosquitos.

If the weather is warmer and your kiddo is a bit older, a mesh face/body protector may be the perfect solution to let them enjoy the outdoors and avoid being bitten. These suits are lightweight and very breathable, and keep the bugs off your kiddo’s skin completely.

Pro-Parent Tip for Protective Face Mesh: As someone who has had two girls freak out in these suits, my number one must-do tip for these mesh suits is to use them with a stiff-brimmed hat like a baseball hat.

Toddlers HATE the feeling of these suits draped against their face and will throw a tantrum over wearing one without a hat keeping it at a distance from their face. DO NOT forget the hat with these!

Here is a mesh suit very similar to the kind my girls used that I found on Amazon (though it’s actually cheaper than the ones I bought in the big outdoor shops), to give you an idea of what you’re looking for. It comes in several sizes starting from size 2-3:

2) Use Mosquito Netting with Strollers, Playpens, Etc.

If your walking with your baby in a stroller or car seat, or if you’re baby will be placed in a playpen or other playspace, covering it with mosquito netting will keep them safe from bites.

Mosquito nets are the easiest and safest way to cover an infant in a stroller or car seat, as it doesn’t touch their skin and of course, they contain no chemicals.

Dressing your baby in their regular summer clothing and then protecting them with that mesh is also a cooler option for hotter days.

Pro-Parent Tip for Stroller/Playpen Mesh: Solar mesh covers, like this one from Jolly Jumper I used with my various types of strollers for years, can also do double duty, protecting your baby from the sun and heat, while also keeping bugs away.

Here are a few options to consider if you think this might be a good option for your needs:

3) Avoid The Worst Areas (if Possible)

One way that you can keep mosquitoes away from your infant is by keeping your baby or toddler out of areas where there are lots of mosquitoes, like near stagnant water sources, or in brush-covered forests.

Of course, this may be difficult if you live in a swampy area or if you’re enjoying a trek in the woods.

If possible though, keep your baby away from these potential mosquito havens and opt for less marshy areas and open spaces where the heat and wind naturally keep the mosquitos away.

Timing your outing can also help. Mosquitos are most active around dusk and around dawn. If possible, try to start your excursion well after dawn and come back inside before the sun starts to set.

Depending on the weather, this saves you from encountering any mosquitos at all as you’ll only be out when it’s too hot and dry for them to fly around looking for food.

4) Clear Standing Water and Leaves

If you live in an area where mosquitos are a problem, make sure to keep your property as clear of standing water as possible because mosquitoes will be drawn to it like a magnet for breeding.

“Standing water” is any water that is still in one place for an extended period of time. Emptying that water, or using pond pumps to keep the water moving, is the best way to keep mosquitos from multiplying on your property. This includes:

• Pet dishes,
• open containers, like buckets that are left unattended outside,
• birdbaths,
• kiddy pools, and
• garden ponds.

Mosquitos can also breed in piles of wet leaves and other plant material, so clearing these piles can also help.

5) Apply an Insect Repellent

Repellents don’t kill the mosquitos, they work by making humans less appealing to them. By applying a repellent lightly on your little one’s exposed skin you can drastically reduce the number of bugs that bite them or even come around looking for a meal.

Of course, there are many kinds of insect repellents out there, and it’s natural you’d be wondering which one is safe for your baby or toddler. The best place to start is the label, where you can see what kind of active ingredient it uses.

The most common ingredient in mosquito repellents is DEET, so let’s take a look at that one first.

What’s the Deal With DEET, is it Safe for Babies?

DEET (N, N-Diethyl-meta-toluamid) is a chemical used in many popular insect repellents. If you’re a camper like I am, you’ll know repellents containing DEET are some of the most effective at keeping mosquitos away and have been proven effective for long periods of time. In fact, the higher the concentration, the longer the duration of effectiveness. For example, 10% DEET repellents are effective for about three hours, and a solution of 23.8% DEET provides about five hours of protection from mosquitoes. (HealthLinkBC, 2020)

But as a new parent, you’re probably asking yourself, is DEET is safe for babies? According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA, 2013), DEET can be used on babies over three months of age. Canada, where I live is a bit stricter; according to Health Canada, DEET products are only safe for children aged 6 months and up. Health Canada recommends infants younger than 6 months old, do not use an insect repellent containing DEET, and should instead be protected with a mosquito net when outdoors in a crib or stroller (Health Canada, 2020).

The next question you’ll probably ask is, what percent of DEET is safe for babies? The AAP recommends that repellents should contain no more than 30% DEET when used on children (AAP News, 2013).

In Canada, Health Canada outlines the safest concentrations of DEET to use on children by age. Specifically:

• adults and children older than 12 years old is up to 30%
• children aged 2 to 12 years is up to 10%
  • you can apply the product up to 3 times daily
• children aged 6 months to 2 years old is up to 10%
  • you should not apply the product more than once a day

Health Canada goes on to say that children younger than 12 years old, should not use a DEET product on a daily basis for more than a month (Health Canada, 2020).

With that said, all sources agree that for all children DEET should not be applied more than once a day and should be washed off with soap and water when you come inside to avoid toxicity.

Important Point: Products combining DEET and Sunscreen for children are not considered safe. The APA explains this is because sunscreen usually should be reapplied more often than insect repellent. (APA, 2013)

What is Icaridin, and is it a Safe Alternative?

Icaridin is another product that can repel mosquitoes and ticks safely. According to the AAP, “Picaridin, or icaridin is a plant-derived piperidine compound that is effective against mosquitos, ticks, chiggers and flies…. This ingredient is odorless, non-sticky, non-greasy and better tolerated on the skin than DEET.” (AAP News, 2013)  

Icaridin is available in concentrations of 5%-20%. The AAP recommends using products with up to 10% picaridin, but does not recommend using it on children younger than 2 months old.

Health Canada is once again more cautious, stating that icaridin products should not be used on infants younger than 6 months old (Health Canada, 2020).

P-Menthane-3,8-diol

Once again looking to Health Canada, which has the most extensive list of mosquito repellent ingredients, products with p-Menthane-3,8-diol or oil of lemon eucalyptus, hydrated, cyclized repel mosquitoes. Unfortunately, these products also should not be used on children younger than 3 years old.

This ingredient highlights how important it is to read labels as some big brand products, like Off! Botanicals use this ingredient.

Are Essential Oil Repellents Safe?

I’ve been the mom putting citronella essential oil on my daughers’ hats in hopes of keeping the mosquitos away, only to watch them get bit.

While new parents might turn to essential oils as a “natural” or safer alternative to DEET and Icaridin, some of these products can be more harmful than helpful and aren’t recommended by most sources.

According to Health Canada, citronella products should not be used on infants and toddlers. It also mentions that insect repellents containing a mixture of lemon, eucalyptus, pine needle, geranium and/or camphor essential oils can be used safely when applied as directed but should not be used on children younger than 2 years old. (Health Canada, 2020).

What About Soybean Oil to Repel Mosquitos?

One “natural” alternative that works, a bit anyway, is soybean oil. According to the Canadian Pediatric Society Products with 2% soybean oil can provide protection for 3.5 hours against mosquitoes (and up to 8 hours against black flies). There are also no age restrictions or limitations on the frequency of use.

I would caution you though that putting any oil on your baby’s skin should be done with caution as it could lead to sunburn.

Other “Repellent” Products That DO NOT Work Well

There are other products advertised as mosquito repellents that don’t effectively prevent mosquito bites. These include:

• Wrist, ankle, and neck bands that contain repellents, such as DEET or citronella,
• Avon Skin So Soft (without icaridin) ,
• “Ultrasonic” or “sonic” devices or smartphone apps,
• Clip-on fan devices,
• Bug zappers or other electrocuting devices,
• Odour-bated mosquito traps,
• Geranium plants,
• Citronella candles and coils, and
• Thiamine (vitamin B1) supplements.

List of Popular Mosquito Repellents Considered Safe and Effective By the APA and Health Canada

How to Use Insect Repellents Safely

1. Apply it to healthy skin only, never to irritated or sunburned areas
2. Do not use it under clothes
3. Apply it in well-ventilated areas
4. Don’t apply it on children’s hands, mouth, or eye area (to avoid ingestion or irritation)
5. When applying it to a child’s face, don’t spray it directly, spray it on your hands and rub it onto the child’s face
6. Wash repellent off with soap and water after returning home

Important Note: This article is for information purposes only and individual needs should always be taken into account. When in doubt, consult your pediatrician.

References

Repellents Part of Arsenal in War Against Insects. (2013, June). AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) News. Volume 24, Number 6. Retrieved May 15 from: https://www.aappublications.org/content/34/6/16.1

Insect repellents. (2020, July 20). HealthLink BC. Retrieved May 15 from: https://www.healthlinkbc.ca/health-topics/uf4815

Insect repellents. (2020, July 6). Health Canada. Retrieved May 15 from: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/about-pesticides/insect-repellents.html

Preventing mosquito and tick bites: A Canadian update. (Updated 2021, Feb 2). The Canadian Paediatric Society. Retrieved May 15 from: https://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/preventing-mosquito-and-tick-bites#ref1

Safe use of insect repellents can minimize itching, scratching. (2013). American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved May 15 from: https://www.aappublications.org/content/34/6/16.2